Protista

                                                               


                                                       KINGDOM  PROTISTA

Characteristics:

• Eukaryotes
• Unicellular or colonial
• true nucleus,membrane bound cell organelles
• locomotion generally present usually with flagella,celia, pseudopodia.
• nutrition is varied, photosynthetic,holozoic,absorptive.
• Sexual reproducion is present but embroyonic stage is absent.
• Eg, Amobea,Euglena,Paramecium.

Phylum Protozoa is divided into the following five classes:

1. Mastigophora:Flagella is the main locomotory organ eg.Trypanosoma
2. Sarcodina:Pseudopodia is the main locomotory organ.eg Amoeba
3. Sporozoa:Locomotory organ is absent.eg Plasmodium
4. Ciliata:Cilia is the main locomotory organ eg Paramecium.
5. Suctoria : Adult without any locomotory organ.eg Ephelota

                                     KINGDOM FUNGI

Characteristics:

• These are simple non-green plant which are not photosynthetic.
• The body of  a multicellular and filamentous fungus  is called Mycelium.
• Some fungus are parasitic(Puccinia,Albugo) and some are saprophytic(Mucor,Rhizopus).
• They have a cell wall made up of chitin and cellulose.
• Reserve food is glycogen and oil.

Lichens: These are dual organisms.In Lichens blue-green algae and fungi live in symbiosis.Fungus absorbs water and mineral  and supply it to algae,algae in turn prepare food and supply it to the fungus.

the algal component of the lichen is known as Phycobiont and the fungal component as Mycobiont.

eg  fructicose lichens (Alectoria)

eg Crustose Lichens(Rhizocarbon)

eg Foliose lichens(Alectoria)

Kngdom Monera

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KINGDOM MONERA(Prokaryotae)

Characteristics:

• Prokaryotic in nature.
• Mostly unicellular
• Lack of membrane bound cell organelles
• Cell wall is present in some like bacteria,cynobacteria and absent in others like mycoplasm.
• Both autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition are  found.
• All nitrogen fixing bacteria belongs to Monera Kingdom.
• eg. Mycoplasm,Vibrio Cholerae,E.Coli, Blue green algae or Cynobacteria(Anabaena)

The kingdom prokaryotae is divided into two subkingdom:

•                  Achaebacteria (Methanogens,Thermoacidophiles,Halophiles)
•                  Eubacteria(True Bacteria)

Achaebacteria  are of three types:

1. Methanogens :
2. Thermoacidophiles
3. Halophiles

Types of Eubacteria:

• Cynobacteria: 
• Gram Positive Bacteria
• Protoebacteria
• Spirochetes
• Enterobacteria
• Pseudomonas